Soil processes are driven by soil organisms and their interactions with plants and soil abiotic conditions. Climate changes may directly or indirectly alter soil processes and the organisms mediating these processes. Although aboveground influences of ozone have been studied widely on agroecosystems, the effects on belowground processes are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of elevated ozone concentration [O3] on the components of soilmicrobialfoodwebs and compare their responses between ozone-sensitive and ozone-tolerant wheat cultivars. The responses of soil biota to elevated [O3] varied between the two wheat cultivars. Fungal PLFA and the fungi to bacteria ratio decreased following elevated [O3], especially in the rhizospheric soil of ozone-tolerant wheat. Nematode functional guilds were sensitive to elevated [O3] and cultivar effects. At wheat jointing stage, bacterivores belonging to K-strategies decreased following elevated [O3], while fungivores exhibited a reverse trend. The abundance of flagellates decreased in ozone-tolerant wheat, but increased in ozone-sensitive wheat following elevated [O3]. However, an opposite trend was found in the bacterivores belonging to r-strategies. In conclusion, wheat cultivars play an important role in determining the effects of elevated [O3] on soilfoodweb. The responses of soil biota to elevated [O3] were greater in ozone-tolerant wheat than in ozone-sensitive wheat, which may in turn have influenced soil organic matter decomposition and nutrient turnover.